• Mon. Jul 14th, 2025

Bihar’s Makhana Makes Waves in the U.S. Market

ByKriti kumari

Jun 20, 2025

In the lush fields of Bihar, something remarkable is happening. Makhana, often referred to as fox nuts, is on the rise. Thanks to the concerted efforts of the Bihar government, this once-local delicacy has seen extraordinary growth and is now making its way to the U.S. market.

Over the last decade, Makhana cultivation in Bihar has skyrocketed. The area dedicated to growing this valuable crop has more than doubled. In 2012, Makhana was cultivated on a mere 13,000 hectares. But through the Chief Minister Horticulture Mission, concerted efforts have expanded that number to an impressive 35,224 hectares. This program aims not only to boost production but also to enhance the overall quality of Makhana.

It’s not just about the land. The introduction of high-quality Makhana seed varieties as part of the Makhana Development Scheme has propelled productivity to new heights. Currently, approximately 25,000 farmers are thriving in the business of Makhana farming across Bihar. This initiative has turned Makhana into a significant contributor to the local economy.

On August 20, 2022, a milestone was reached. Makhana was awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag under the name “Mithila Makhana.” This recognition not only enhances the product’s identity but also strengthens its market reach, paving the way for international trade, including exports to the United States.

The story of Makhana’s growth is rooted in government support. The Makhana Development Scheme, launched in the 2019-20 period, focuses on the promotion of improved Makhana varieties like Swarn Vaidehi and Sabour Makhana-1. These high-quality varieties, developed by the Makhana Research Centre and Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College, respectively, have been showcased through field demonstrations to ensure farmers are well-equipped to embrace change.

But the support goes beyond seeds. The government has extended its reach to ten core districts that are pivotal to Makhana cultivation. Financial assistance in the form of grants for storage infrastructure, the organization of promotional Makhana festivals inside and outside Bihar, and various other forms of support are driving the momentum.

As demand for Makhana grows globally, cultivation is now expanding from ten districts to sixteen. Places like Darbhanga, Madhubani, and Katihar are already known for their rich Makhana farms, which collectively contribute to about 85% of India’s total Makhana production. This expansion is critical, ensuring that Bihar remains a key player in the global Makhana market.

Looking at the numbers tells a compelling story. Revenue from fishery/Makhana water leases was just ₹3.83 crore before 2005. Fast forward to 2023-24, and that revenue has surged to an impressive ₹17.52 crore, demonstrating a remarkable 4.57 times increase. This substantial growth reflects the rising global demand for Makhana, as more consumers across the world seek organic and nutrient-rich products.

In response to the burgeoning market, the government has also announced the establishment of a Makhana Development Board. This board aims for holistic growth through effective oversight of cultivation expansion, mechanization, processing, marketing, and export strategies. It’s a strategic move that underscores the commitment to elevating Makhana from local ponds to global plates.

Makhana isn’t just a snack; it represents quality, sustainability, and an unlocking of global potential. It has immense benefits for farmers and consumers alike. As this beloved delicacy garners attention on international shores, we witness the transformation of a regional product into a global phenomenon. The journey of Bihar’s Makhana encapsulates how traditional farming can be harnessed through modern practices, resulting in economic upliftment and international recognition.

With its unique taste and numerous health benefits, Makhana is poised to make a significant impact on dining tables around the world. Bihar, with its commitment to innovation and sustainability, is indeed leading the charge. So, the next time you come across Makhana snacks, remember that they are not just treats but a symbol of Bihar’s rich agricultural heritage and its potential on the world stage.

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